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BAR HOTEL RESTAURANT TECHNISCHER AUSBAU • TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS

T he buzzword BIM can hardly be ignored anymore even without this alleged sword of Damocles, it is really
today! Behind is it is not a trumped-up hype, howe-
worthwhile for all planners who want to develop objects
ver, but rather the gradual introduction of a decades-old beyond the artistic design to learn the modelling with
idea into the reality of planning. In principle, Building BIM. Working with BIM becomes particularly rewarding
Information Modelling is a computer-aided planning as soon as it is foreseeable that a project is to be realized
method based on an integral, consistently digital model. in several stages and that frequent changes thus have to
A building model as holistic as possible is a 3D geometry be expected. Even if follow-up commissions are already
including mega data, meaning actual characteristics of signalled in the planning phase, one can surmise that the
building components. In combination with data regarding initial effort of introducing BIM will pay off. As a rule,
cost and schedules, we in this case like to talk about 5D investing in additional software is at first not necessary
planning. But this dimensionality is not limited. Thus since the customary CAD manufacturers have long inte-
other information as well – such as, for example, alterna- grated BIM functions into their packages.
tive planning, building physics characteristics or lighting
configurations – can certainly also be interpreted as furt- Some tips for introducing BIM planning
her dimensions. From the point of view of architects and
interior designers, working with BIM means a true para- In most cases, an introduction parallel to a project is the
digm shift. Although their task does not change – the suitable approach. “Dry runs” and preventive training
objective of providing correct, readable planning docu- courses rarely focus on actual problems. Most useful for
ments remains. But work is no longer done separately in learning the new method is a project which is ideal-typi-
actual drawings, room books, window lists or accounting. cal and as little time-sensitive as possible. In the process,
Rather, work is exclusively done in the BIM model from an office standard for building the model is to be develo-
which the necessary documents can be generated whene- ped and well documented. This standard can subse-
ver needed. Ideally, this means that not a single line has quently serve as the working basis for all future projects.
to be drawn for a view but that the drawing added to a To manage this process in a structured and reflected man-
plan layout automatically adapts to the current state of ner, moderation and assistance by external BIM experts is
the planning after each change of the model. The advan- possible and recommended. From the point of view of
Vor allem bei komplexen Geometrien ... • For complex geometries ... tage of being able to derive all the relevant planning docu- smaller planning offices which want to use BIM solely for
ments from one central model is evident. If different per- optimizing the process in their own planning, the custo-
spectives of the planning can be worked on independent- mary categorization of the scope into “open/closed” and
ly and saved, guaranteeing the consistency of the states of “little/big” is of little help. Cooperation with specialist
the planning is a constant, time- and attention-consuming planners and craftsmen within a BIM model (“BIG BIM”)
task for the planner. Each change has to be checked as to is only worth the expenditure if working with BIM has
the consequences in various documents. become routine internally (“little bim”). Furthermore, it is
only decided in an actual project and by considering the
The goal remains the same other participants and their software conditions and -
requirements whether it is possible to operate with a
The methodology of the central data model is indispensa- heterogeneous “open BIM” scene or a homogeneous “clo-
ble in industrial sectors such as aircraft and vehicle con- sed BIM”. As is generally the case, when using BIM lots of
struction today. The advantages of the rationalization are experience never hurts. This applies above all to the choi-
... macht sich BIM schnell bezahlt. • ... BIM quickly pays off.
clear: Thus, for example, quickly developing a model, ce of the optimum degree of itemization. Thus, on the one
which may partly be across different sites, constructing it hand, the model has to be sufficiently differentiated so
is hardly conceivable anymore without continuous, digital that the planning statements depending on it can be
planning taking all the dependencies into consideration. made. At the same time, the most meticulous constructi-
That comparable methods in the building industry have on details are perhaps neither necessary for cost accoun-
so far only hesitantly been adopted has presumably a lot ting nor for simulations regarding building physics,
to do with the fragmentation of responsibilities as they should these be intended, and their “programming”
are immanent in the construction process. As a rule, there would thus be wasted effort. Additional problems often
are strict dividing lines between client, developer, planner also arise due to deficiencies in the programmes used.
as well as the various sub-contractors. Often designers or
planners are only active during specific stages so that the All in all, BIM saves work, time and money
initial additional effort of establishing a BIM model seems
not to be justified. Furthermore, many, above all smaller All in all, BIM saves work and thus time and money. In
planning offices do not have the corresponding resources principle, the question about corresponding compensati-
– above all since the project management frequently hap- on is only raised if projects are already established with
pens under time pressure. Not least, all the participants BIM in early stages and are not further processed perso-
have different interests in the value change. It is therefore nally at a later date. However, the initial effort consists of
not a surprising fact that the introduction of BIM has, to more than simply learning a new programme. Rather, the
date, mainly occurred among the “big players”. In the manner of communicating and documenting the planning
German-speaking region, this means above all the plan- has to be reconsidered. This giving up of working directly
ning departments of major construction groups. But it is son the “product” is the real hurdle which to many an
also true for countries where architectural- and planning architect and interior designer may appears to be even
offices are structured in a different way from here in higher than replacing pencils with the mouse in the 1990s.
Germany. One may, however, assume that the submission It is the obligation of the office management to under-
of digital BIM data for a building application will in the stand this paradigm shift and to support it if they want to
medium term become standard in Germany as well. But have as the result a rationalization of the planning work.

156 • AIT 6.2017